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Fugitive Poe References: A Bibliography

Richard Kopley

The Pennsylvania State University, Dubois

The fugitive Poe bibliography serves principally to ideneify and comment upon varied books, essays, reviews, and miscellaneous items not chiefly devoted to Poe, but related to him or to his work in some significant fashion. On occasion it also includes selected items omitted in other bibliographies. For assistance in compiling the present listing, I wish to thank Peter Baida, Thomas Blanco, Diane Cole, Barb Emmer, Benjamin Franklin Fisher IV, Frederick S. Frank, Pat Friedman, Karen Fuller, John Johnson, William Keown, Jane Lilienfeld, Kent Ljungquist, Donald A. Patchell, Burton R. Pollin, Richard G. Woodbridge III, and Lloyd Worley.

Altick, Richard D. The Scholar Adventurers (New York: Macmillan, 1950), pp. 99-103, 105-107, 214 n. [Altick discusses the involvement of tobacconist John Anderson with Marie Roget the recovery of files of the Columbia Spy and the Baltimore Saturday Visiter, and the history of the ‘Rue Morgue” manuscript.]

Anonymous. “A Nostalgic Trip to the Glory Days of the Bronx,‘’ New York Times, 23 October 1981, p. C-32. [The Bronx Historical Society’s walking tour closes with a brief mention of Poe’s 1846 move from Manhattan to the Fordham cottage.]

————————. “A Poe-Like Proposal.” Editorial, New York Times, 10 September 1980, p. 1:2G. (The editors humorously suggest that the misspelled Poe street sign — “Edgar Allen Poe Street“ — be retained in honor of Poe’s love of “flaws, riddles, cryptograms, and clues”; his hatred of John Allan; and his desire to preserve the “melancholy” houses on the East River.]

————————. “Cryptic Initials Carved in Eutaw House Rafter,” Centre Daily Times (State College, Pa.), 1 November 1984, p. A-1. [The carved initials “E. A. P.” were once seen in the attic of the Eutaw House of Potters Mills. Local poet Harvey Wagner Flink celebrated Poe’s supposed visit in a poem, “To Potters Mills.‘’]

Atlas, James. Delmore Schwartz (New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1977), pp. 205, 368. [Schwartz supposedly knew Poe’s descendant at Harvard (see Phillips below) and conjectured, in reference to Poe, “Suppose psychosis clarifies things?”]

Banks, Russell. “The Caul,” Mississippi Review, 7 (1978), 12913G. [In this narrative, set in Richmond of 1849, Poe gives a public recitation of “The Raven” and experiences a reassuring vision of his mother at her grave.]

Barnstone, Willis. Borges at Eighty (Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1982), pp. 5, 8, 22, 75, 106, 113, 119, 120, 137, 140, 143-48. [During eleven interviews, Borges comments frequently on “that splendid . . . sad . . . tragic dreamer,” Poe. He first read Poe in French, speaks favorably of “To Helen,” and “Al Aaraaf,‘’ and Pym (“his best work”) but [page 10:] critically of “The Raven”; and asserts Poe created not only the detective story but also the reader of that genre.]

Barry, William David and Randolph Dominic. “The Man Who Discovered Edgar Allen [sic] Poe,” Down East: A Magazine of Maine, 31 (February 1985), 38, 53. [The authors assert that John Neal “to a large degree” discovered both Poe and Whittier and note Poe’s appreciation of Neal’s praise.]

Bishop, Michael. “A Spy in the Domain of Arnheim” in Pictures at an Exhibition, ed. Ian Watson (Cardiff: Greystoke Mowbray, 1981), pp. 29-49. [Bishop brilliantly describes the fantastic images of a variety of Magritte paintings, which he relates to elements of “The Domain of Arnheim,” Pym, and “The Island of the Fay” in a surreal tour-de-force.]

Bradley, David. The Chaneysville Incident (New York: Harper and Row, 1981), p. 346. [The narrator’s great-grandfather, ex-slave C. K. Washington, meets Poe in Philadelphia in 1843.]

Brondoli, Michael. “On the State of the Short Story,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 30 December 1984, pp. L-1, 8. [Poe, Chekhov, and Hemingway’s “strangely mingled dicta” are observed in the contemporary American short story.]

Brueggebors, Barbara. “‘Raven’ Penned in Potters Mills?” Centre Daily Times (State College, Pa.), 31 October 1984, pp. A-1, 7. [Relates the legend that Poe wrote “The Raven” in the attic room of the Potters Mills Inn (now thc Eutaw House).]

Calvocoressi, Richard. Magritte (Oxford: Phaidon, 1979), p. 13. [Calvocoressi notes that Magritte’s painting La ReProduction Interdite (Not to be Reproduced) features a copy of Pym on a mantelpiece and calls Poe ‘‘Magritte’s favorite author.”]

Carlisle, Olga. Island in Time: A Memoir of Childhood (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1980), pp. 40, 41, 51, 52, 138, 174, 188. [Carlisle writes that as a child she read “all” of Poe’s stories and that “Ligeia,” “Morella,” and “Usher” “became part of” her and her brother. She gives details of Poe’s influence on her family.]

Caws, Mary Ann. The Eye in. the Text: Essays on Perception, Mannerist to Modern (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1981), pp. 8, 71n, 74, 85, 101. [saws quotes two passages from “Ligeia” as instances of the arabesque and discusses Magritte’s painting Reproduction Forbidden and its copy of Pym.]

Chapman, Arthur. “The Unmasking of Sherlock Holmes,” The Critic, 46 (February 1905), 115-117. [In this short story, Dupin argues with Holmes that Poe’s detective fiction is finer than Doyle’s and that Poe did not need to plagiarize work, as Doyle did. Holmes is distinctly shaken.]

Clausen, Christopher. “Sherlock Holmes, Order, and the Late-Victorian Mind,” Georgia Review, 38 (1984), 105. [Clausen contrasts the ever-popular Holmes with his literary antecedents, Dupin and Gaboriau’s Lecoq, who “have faded into relative obscurity.”]

Coffin, Margaret M. Death in Early America (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1976), p. 106. [The “fiction of writers like . . . Poe” contributed to the mid-nineteenth-century popularity of lifepreserving coffins featuring mechanisms which responded to movement within.)

Cowley, Malcolm. “Hemingway’s Wound — and Its Consequences for American Literature,” Georgia Review, 38 (1984), 223224. [Cowley defends his introduction to the Viking Portable Hemingway and its assertion that Hemingway possessed ‘kinship” with “Poe and Hawthorne and Melville: the haunted and nocturnal writers, the men who dealt in images that were symbols of an inner world.”]

Crabbe, Katharyn. Review of George S. Burns, The Strange Adventures of Roger Ward. School Library Journal, 25 (September 1981), 121. [Crabbe notes that the Adventures ‘‘is a [column 2:] cross between Moby Dick and . . . Pym as written for children.”]

————————. “Crypton, Dr.” “The Ciphers of Edgar Allan Poe,” Science Digest, 92 (1984), 62-65. [“Dr. Cryton” offers codes and their solutions from ‘‘The Gold-Bug‘’ and Poe’s column in Alexander’s Weekly Messenger, commenting that Poe broke only relatively simple ciphers, that the letter-frequency list in “The Gold-Bug” is inaccurate, and that Poe may have faked some of the readers’ codes he published in Alexander’s Weekly Messenger.]

de la Ree, Gerry, ed. The Fire-Friend and The Raven (Saddle River, N. J.: Gerry de la Ree, 1973). [This book features Charles D. Gardette’s poem, “The Fire-Friend,” hoaxingly attributed to Poe, and “The Raven” along with illustrations by Stephen Fabian; a facsimile of Gardette’s The Whole Trnth in the Question of “The Fire-Friend”; unpublished drawings for “The Raven” by James B. Wandesford, Virgil Finlay, Clark Ashton Smith, and Charles McGill; and explanatory introduction.]

de Rougemont, Denis. Love in the Western World, trans. Montgomery Belgion (New York: Pantheon, 1956), p. 232. [de Rougemont mentions the Tristan myth in concoction with Poe and Baudelaire and argues that it “became enfeebled, intellectualized, sophisticated” as rendered in poetry.]

De Vries, Peter. Slouching Towards Kalamazuu (Boston: Little, Brown, 1983), p. 5. [The narrator refers to his home town in North Dakota as “Ulalume.”]

Drosnin, Michael. “Citizen Hughes,” Part 1, Playboy, 31 (November 1984), 168, 174-175. [The secret contribution of $100,000 from Howard Hughes to Richard Nixon was “the tell-tale heart of Watergate.”]

Dunning, Jennifer. “Following Poe’s Footsteps on Manhattan’s Old Publishers Row,” New York Times, 19 June 1981, p. C-13. [The Academy of American Poets’ walking tour of Poe’s lower Manhattan includes stops at the sites of Gowan’s Antiquarian Bookstore, Evening Mirrur, Knickerbocker Magazine, and Broadway Journal.]

Fiedler, Leslie. Freaks: Myths and Images of the Secret Self (New York: Simon and Schusrer, 1978), pp. 73, 115, 168, 264265, 274, 298, 307. [Fiedler cites Hop Frog and Dirk Peters as horrific yet sympathetic dwarfs, seeing the former as an emblem of the alienated artist, the latter as the savior of Pym. Hop-Frog may have suggested the stage name of legless dwarf Samuel D. Parks: “Hopp the Frog Boy.”]

What Was Literature? (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982), pp. 28-30, 62, 87-90, 94, 132-133, 163, 166. [Contrary to legend, Poe, Melville, and Fitzgerald failed “precisely because they were so desperately committed to the American dream of ‘making it.‘” “The Gold-Bug‘’ and Fitzgerald’s “A Diamond as Big as thc Ritz” reveal the fantasies Poe and Fitzgerald shared — “the dream of innocently acquiring guilty treasure, and the nightmare of losing everything.” Poe’s work “is not quite serious enough to suit modernist or post-modernist taste.”]

Frank, Joseph. Dustoevsky — The Seeds of Revolt 1821-1849 (1977; rpt. New York: Princeton Univ. Press, 1979), p. 103. [Dostoevsky preferred E. T. A. Hoffmann to Poe because the former allowed the supernatural to intrude in his work, the latter limited it to the situarium of his srrury as does, paraooxically, Dostuxvsky himself.]

Franklin, Wayne. The New World of James Fenimore Cooper (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1982), pp. 70-71, 187, 192. [Poe’s criticism of thc murders at the end of Cooper’s Wyandotte is “rather pious.”]

Gardner, John. On Moral Fiction (New York: Basic Books, 1978), pp. 142-144. [Poe’s view of beauty (“that intense and pure elevation of soul”) is ‘‘more convincing” than that of I. A. Richards (‘‘the comforting satisfaction of expectation”). [page 11:] Gardner restates Poe’s view as “Beauty, then, is the truth of feeling.]

Gewanter, David. Letter. New York Times Book Review, 13 January 1985, p. 29. [Responding to Norman Mailer’s 9 December 1984 essay on Huckleberry Finn, Gewanter cites an 1879 letter by Friedrich Nictzsche stating that his mother had read him “Gogol, Lermonrov, Bret Harte, M. Twain, E. A. Poe.”]

Gunn, Giles, ed. ‘The Bible and American Arts and Letters (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1983), pp. 17, 24, 39. [Herbert Schoeidau identifies Poe’s alienation as antinomian in “The Antinomian Strain: The Bible and American Poetry.” Discussing Moby-Dick, Edwin Cady suggests that Melville may have been following Poe’s advice to play “fast and loose . . . with vague unresolvable allusions” in ” ’ As Through a Glass Eye, Darkly’: The Bible in the Nineteenth-Century Novel.”]

Harness, Charles L. “The Fall of Robin Arms,‘’ Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction 66 (March 1984), 103-110. [In this revision of “The Pit and the Pendulum,” a cuckolded husband forces his wife’s lover to choose between descending into a pit to face a monstrous generic mutation or stabbing the wife.]

Harrison, E. R. “The Dark Night-Sky Riddle: A ‘Paradox’ That Resisted Solution,” Science, 226 (23 November 1984), 942, 944-945. [In presenting different explanations for a partially dark night sky despite an infinite universe filled with stars, Harrison, not wholly accurately, cites Poe’s Eureka.]

Hemmings, F. W. J. Baudelaire the Damned: A Biography (London: Hamish Hamilton, 19S2), pp. ix, 3, 11, 62, 102, 105111, 114-116, 129, 1/16, 157, 167-68, 191, 195, 198, 201t, 207. [Although Hemmings believes that in translating Poe, Baudelaire “gave a second-rate writer world status,” the book provides rich detail and interesting anecdotes concerning Baudelaire’s identification with Poe and his translation of Poe’s works.]

Herold, Amos. L. “Paulding’s Literary Theories,” Bulletin of the New York Public Library, 66 (1962), 237-238, 239. [Herold quotes Poe’s favorable comment on Paulding’s ‘‘literary manner” in a review of Paulding’s Life of Washington and asserts that Paulding’s theory of “rational fiction” is preferable to Poe’s theory of effect.]

Jefferson, Joseph. The Autobiography of Joseph Jefferson (London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1890), p. 101. [Jefferson refers to the feud between Poe and editor-actor William Burton, concluding that, with “his humorous artillery,” ‘‘the comedian got the better of the poet.”]

Jonas, Gerald. “The Mystery of the Purloined Grenoulles,” Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction 31 (December 1966), 39-42. [In this spoof of “The Purloined Letter,‘’ the mystery of the missing frogs of M. Edouard W , a scientist, is solved by C. Jules Doux-Pain, Director of the Belgian Waffle Pavilion at the New York World’s Fair.]

Judge, W. Q. “The Wandering Eye” and ‘‘The Tell-Tale Picture Gallery” in H. P. Blavatsky and W. Q. Judge, The Tell-Tale Picture Gallery: Occult Stories (Bombay: International Book House, n. d.), pp. 176-184. [In Judge’s version of “The Tell-Tale Heart,” a religious acolyte recounts the death of his spiritual advisor, an old man who turns into a wandering eye and guides him to the picture gallery revealing the spiritual state of others in the order.]

Kamil, Irving. “Sherlock Holmes and the Locked-Room Mystery,” Baker Street Journal, NS 32 (September 1982), 143. [Kamil mentions “The Murders in the Rue Morgue‘’ as the first locked-room mystery and cites Doyle’s The Empty House as another work in that sub-genre.]

Karlen, Arno. Napoleon’s Glands (Boston: Little, Brown, 1981), pp. 60-95. [According to Karlen, Poe suffered from alcohol [column 2:] dehydrogenase deficiency syndrome, which permits a small amount of alcohol to cause drunkenness.]

Kazin, Alfred. An American Procession (New York: Knopf, 1984), pp. 87, 90, 91, 94-101, 328, 353. [While acknowledging that Hawthorne, like Poe, “became a kind of virtuoso of the fiction of the inner life,” Kazin argues that Hawthorne, unlike Poe, allowed his readers considerable freedom, possessed a strong sense of home, and focused on the power of the past, not the power of the dead. Kazin discusses Pym, especially the hold episode and the “enduringly mysterious conclusion.]

Klein Marcus. Foreigners (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1981), pp. 172, 176-177. [Klein discusses V. L. Parrington’s difficulty in Main Currents in American Thought in placing Poe and Constance Rourke’s view in American Humor that Poe combined horror with comedy.]

Kostelanetz, Richard. The End of Intelligent Writing (New York: Sheed and Ward, 1974), pp. 5, 422-423. [Kostelanetz observes that Poe is one of many great American writers who paid for publication of at least one of their books, the self-published Tamerlane, which recently sold for more than $10,000 at auction.]

Krebs, Albin. “Ross Macdonald, Novelist, Dies at 67,” New York Times, 13 July 1983, p. 4:23. [Krebs quotes Macdonald as having said, “The Leap from Coleridge to the American detective novel is not so unlikely. . . . Coleridge’s American disciple Poe invented the modern detective story and inspired Charles Baudelaire, whose Dandy is one of the prototypes of the modern detective hero.”]

Lamport, Felicia. “Edgar Allan Poe,” New York Times, 30 March 1981, p. 1:19. [Lamport offers Poesque view of Reagonomics, with the inevitable line concerning White House unwillingness to restore cut budgets, “Quoth the Reagan,‘Nevermore!‘”]

Lewicki, Zbigniew. The Bang and the Whimper: Apocalypse and Entropy in American Literature (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1984), pp. 18, 113. [Lewicki identifies Cooper’s Crater, Poe’s “Usher,” and Hawthorne’s stories as literary works with apocalyptic themes and mentions John Updike’s allusion to “The Pit and the Pendulum” in Couples.]

Limoli, Thomas J. “Dupin’s Last Case,” Baker Street Journal, 20 (March 1970), 6-13. [In this clever send-up of an assortment of Poe works, Limoli recounts the murcler of an insufferable Dupin by a bitter and indignant Poe.]

MacDonnell, Kevin. Letter. AB Bookman’s Weekly, 72 (11 July 1983), 166. [In response to the 6 June 1983 letter of Dale Weber (see below) regarding the copy of Poe’s Eureka he believes he found, MacDonnell notes that the original Wakeman copy would now sell for “well into five figures, maybe more,” that if Weber’s find were it, the bookseller should not have sold it for $1,000, but if it were a facsimile of Poe’s copy, its value would be $200-$300.]

Manguel, Alberto and Gianni Guadalupi, eds. The Dictionary of Imaginary Places (New York: Macmillan, 1980), pp. 20, 41, 127, 311-312, 317, 353, 381, 400-401, 415. [The editors describe imaginary places in Poe’s works.]

Mani, Lakshmi. The Apocalyptic Vision in Nineteenth Century American Fiction (Washington, D.C.: Univ. Press of America, 1981), p. 227. [Melville’s association of white with terror in Moby-Dick derives from Coleridge’s ‘‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” and Pym.]

Mellow, James R. Invented Lives: F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1984), p. 19. [As a boy at St. Paul Academy in St. Paul, Fitzgerald became “interested in Dickens and Alice in Wonderland and his father’s favorite poets, Byron and Poe.”]

Millhauser, Steven. “August Eschenburg,” Antaeus, 48 (Winter 1983), 42. [Milhauser’s narrator calls Poe’s analysis of Maelzel’s [page 12:] chess player “practically stolen” from Sir David Brewster’s Letters on Nat7‘ral Magic and mentions a Heidelberg professor’s foolish response to Poe’s analysis.]

Oates, Joyce Carol. “Wonderlands,” Georgia Review, 38 (1984), 492-494. [Oases considers “the Gothic wonderland” of such works as “Ligeia,” “The Imp of the Perverse,” and Eureka, suggesting that “life — the necessity of living — is in fact the primordial terror [Poe’s] personae never confront,” preferring instead fantasy or the horror of self-annihilation ]

Owens, Louis D. “James K. Paulding and the Foundation of American Realism,” Bulletin of the New York Public Library, 79 (1975), 44, 45, 47. [Owens cites Paulding’s recommendation to Poe to write about “the faults and foibles of our own people” and observes that Poe ignored the advice but praised Paulding’s unaffected style; Paulding “lacked the patience, the consummate craftsmanship, and perhaps the genius of a Hawthorne or Poe.”]

Person, Leland S., Jr. “James Kirke Paulding: Myth and the Middle Ground,” Western American Literature, 16 (1981), 47. 1 Person maintains that in J. K. Paulding’s The Dutchman’s Fireside, the “wild, solitary region” through which Sybrandr Westbrook travels “under Paskingoe’s guidance” is “Poe-esque. ”]

Phillips, Robert, ed. Letters uf Delmore Schtu,artz (Princeton: Ontaria Review Press, 1984), pp. 55, 56n, 180-181. [In a 1938 letter to poet Allen Tate, Schwartz concurs with Tate’s distinction betwoen “discoverers” and “developers,‘’ recalling Tate’s contrast of Chivers and Poe. In a 1943 letter to his estranged wife Gertrude Buckman, Schwartz writes that at Harvard he encountered numerous relatives of the great, including, he fancies, “the descendant of Edgar Allan Poe with haunted rolling beautiful blue eyes. . . .”]

Pinsker, Sanford. “Revisionism with Rancor: The Threat of the Neoconservative Critics,” Georgia Review, 38 (1984), 24G, 248-249, 253-254. [Pinsker quotes a passage from Saul Bellow’s Humboldt’s Gift which lists self-destructive American poets — Humboldt himself (a character based on Delmore Schwart), Poe, Hart Crane, Randall Jarrell, and John Berryman — interpreting this passage as a neo-conservative critic’s celebration of his own toughness. Pinsker also quotes Joseph Epstein on the negative attitude toward success of many American authors, including Poe, identified as a writer of “boy’s” books.]

Reynolds, David S. Faith in Fiction (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1981), pp. 45, 188, 196, 201-202, 214. [Charles Brockden Brown, like Poe, Hawthorne, and James, linked the supernatural with psychology rather than religion. Reynolds also suggests that George Lippard’s “humanitarian piety” prevented him from attaining “the more generalized visions of blackness and ambiguity of Hawthorne, Poe, and Melville.” Furthermore, Reynolds notes that Henry J. Horn’s Strange Visitors (1869) features essays from Heaven by the souls of great men and women, including a piece by John Wesley dealing with Poe.]

Roberts, Daisy Mae. ” ‘The Red-Headed League’ and ‘The Rue Morgue,‘” Scholastic Magazine, 32 (26 February 1938), E-1920. [Roberts observes similarities between Doyle’s and Poe’s stories, including verisimilitude, characters, and reliance upon deductive reasoning.]

Rourke, Constance. The Ruots of ‘4nzerican Clult/‘re and Other Essays (1942; rpt. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press 1965), pp. 103, 151. [Rourke notes, in passing, that PL>C:S parents were active in the theatre and speculates that Poe would have been intrigued by Junius Booth’s Gothic manor in Bel Air, Maryland.]

Ruas, Charles, ed. Conversations with American Writers (New York: Knopf, 1985), pp. 124, 199. [Marguerite Young, author of Miss MacIntosh, My Darling, speaks of her visions of writers, including Poe: “I see him on misty nights at [column 2:] Sheridan Square when the raindrops are falling. He’s going into that little cigar store to get a cigar. I am on very close terms with Poe.” Also, E. L. Doctorow notes that in writing Ragtime he strove to find the “pre-modern spirit characteristic of the stories of Kleist, Poe, or . . . the exemplary novels of Cervantes. ”]

Schoch, Agnes Selin. “Poe Valley Legend a Myth2” Centre Democrat (Bellefonte, Pa.) 23 October 1941, pp. 2:1,3. [This reprints an article from the Selinsgrove Times which doubts the validity of the Williamsport Grit’s story of Poe’s 1839 visit to the Poe Valley in central Pennsylvania, of his falling in love with mountain girl Helena Hallferty Park (Helena Hallett), of his writing “The Raven‘’ in the Old Fort Hotel, and of his later dedicating it to Helena.]

Scholes, Robert. Fabu1ation and Metafiction (Urbana: Univ. of Illinois, 1979), pp. 34, 57. [Scholes compares Lawrence Durrell’s Alexandria to Poe’s Virginia and Kafka’s Germany — all of them countries of the mind — and remarks upon reading as “rationcination.”]

Senate, Richard L. “The Real Cask of Amontillado,” Fate, 37 (December 1984), 50. [Poe’s tale was based on a story he heard at Fort Independence in 1827 involving army officers chaining and immuring one Captain Green in a small cell in a fort dungeon because Green had killed Lt. Robert Massie in a duel. During repairs of Fort Independence in 1908, “workmen found a chained skeleton with shreds ‘‘f an officer’s uniform clinging to its bones.”]

Solovay, Jacob C. ‘’Sherlock Holmes to Edgar Allan Poe.‘’ Baker Street Journal, 4 (January 1949), 38. [In Solovay’s sonnet, “Holmes” denigrates Poe’s accomplishment in his ratiocinative tales.]

Tanner, Tony. City of Words: American Fiction 1950-1970 (New York: Harper and Row, 1971), pp. 26, 31, 38, 267, 288. [Tanner touches on Poe in discussing Jorge Luis gorges, Vladimir Nabokov, Susan Sontag, and John Updike. He refers to the ambiguous presentation of hieroglyphics in Pym as “one of Poe’s most brilliant games,” focusing on Pym’s concern with the question of whether “significant patterns or signs” may be found in reality.]

Tiede, Tom. “Do Famous Ghosts Haunt Capital?‘’ Courier-Express (DuBois, Pa.), 28 October 1u)83, p. 9. [In relating a variety of ghost stories set in Washington, D.C., Tiede mentions the legend that Poe’s ghost haunts the Library of Congress, becomes intoxicated and angry, and throws his books on the floor.]

Waggoner, Diana. The Hills of Farway (New York: Atheneum, 1978), pp. 15, 18. “Waggoner notes that E. T. A. Hoffmann influenced Poe and cites Russel Nye on Poe’s clarification of the distinction between fantasy and science fiction: the latter must posses a rational, scientifically-plausible explanation of the apparently abnormal or impossible.]

Weher, Dale. Letter. AB Bookman’s Weekly, 71 (6 June 1983) 4330-4332. [Weher describes his 1980 discovery at a foreign bookstore of what seemed to be Poe’s copy of Eureka, signed by “R. W. Griswold,‘’ which the proprietor refused to sell. Weber suspects that the book may have Ixen the authentic Wakeman copy of Eureka, later owned by Gabriel Wells, then queries whether this book, if genuine, was in the hands of its rightful owner. See MacDonnell, Kevin, above for a response.]

Wilson, P. W. William Pitt, the Younger (Garden City, N. Y., Doubleday, Doran, 1933), p. 165. [Wilson compares the strength of the structure of society in England and France in 1784 to that of Poe’s House of Usher.]

Young, Philip. Hawthorne’s Secret (Boston: Godine, 1984), p. 65. [Young posits that Hawthorne’s short story, ‘‘Egotism; or, The Bosom Serpent,” suggests Poe.]